Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder mucosa.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, saline, aseptic due to venous stagnation in the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis, radiation cystitis.This disease definitely needs treatment to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis, as a complication of cystitis.
Clinic specialists know how to diagnose cystitis at an early stage.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and maintain your health.
Classification of cystitis
In most cases, inflammation in the bladder mucosa occurs due to infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are incorrect or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In a chronic course, cystitis manifests itself as a relapse: symptoms appear at the slightest weakening of the body and disappear indefinitely.
Urologists also distinguish:
- Infectious cystitis.Most often, cystitis occurs due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).There may be other infections that have entered the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any injury during medical and surgical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.It occurs due to the excessive use of personal hygiene products and the use of powerful drugs.Also, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients undergoing anticancer radiation or chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is a primary lesion of the bladder and the manifestation of symptoms associated with bladder damage;Secondary cystitis is associated with secondary damage from bacteria coming from the kidneys or changes in nearby organs and tissues.Often, in women with symptoms of cystitis, a hidden clinical infection of the kidneys is detected.In this case, we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, inflammation of the bladder can be the first manifestation of any urological disease or complicate its course.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent unproductive urge to urinate;
- burning and stinging at the end of urination;
- the feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- cloudy, frothy urine mixed with mucus;
- unpleasant, strong smell of urine;
- pain in urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms appear, consult a specialist.Professional urologists will perform a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.
Why does cystitis occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature.Very often, the causative agent of the disease is the opportunistic intestinal microflora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.The entry of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, decreased immunity due to fatigue or illness and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a violation of the ratio of opportunistic flora to lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Often, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) provoke inflammation in the bladder mucosa.Due to some similar symptoms, when you self-medicate, you may choose the wrong therapy, which will only temporarily remove the symptoms, but will not eliminate the root cause.That is why doctors recommend seeking qualified help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for a woman is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the entry of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.Examination of both partners, consultation with the gynecologist and urologist and decision on the need for surgical treatment or correction of the soft tissues of the perineum using hyaluronic acid preparations are required.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can occur against the background of chronic neuropsychic stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The aggressive action of the metabolites of certain drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the mucosal walls of the bladder, can also cause the appearance of symptoms of the disease.
Predisposing factors for the development of cystitis in women:
- congenital anomalies (urethral cyst, urethral stricture);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- wrongly selected antibiotic therapy and hormonal therapy;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- non-compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis of the disease
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is recommended to consult a urologist.The clinic employs female and male urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At the first appointment, the doctor will review your medical history in detail, listen to complaints and ask questions about previous diseases of the genitourinary system.
In clinics, to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious bladder diseases (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental research methods are performed, in accordance with modern clinical recommendations for urology.Your doctor may suggest the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- bacteriological examination of urine;
- PCR of urine for intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI with contrast;
- cystoscopy;
- urodynamic study (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.Very often in urology, a cystoscope is used for diagnostic purposes.Urethrocystoscopy is a high-precision endoscopic examination of the genitourinary tract, which makes it possible to establish the diagnosis of cystitis.Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, also provide detailed information about the state of the urinary system.
Cystitis in women is often associated with gynecological diseases such as colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.At older ages, female cystitis is associated with menopause.With this in mind, the urologist may refer the woman for a consultation with a gynecologist.
The extent of the diagnosis depends on the symptoms, comorbidities and medical history of the patient.Don't refuse to be tested.In order to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe an effective treatment, it is important for the doctor to determine the root cause of the disease.
In the medical center, all studies are carried out using modern, high-tech, expert-class equipment.Experienced specialists will help diagnose the disease at an early, asymptomatic stage, in order to provide quality treatment in a timely manner.
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment of cystitis, the symptoms of which can be minor or severe, is not recommended without consulting an experienced urologist.
For cystitis, complex treatment is indicated, which will not only eliminate the pathogen and relieve the inflammatory process, but also preserve local immunity.As a rule, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.It is extremely important to follow all the doctor's orders and complete the therapy.After the medications are prescribed, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease has been eliminated.Only complete treatment can guarantee that the disease does not pass into the chronic phase.
Control studies based on the results of the treatment must be carried out within a week after the end of the treatment, their volume is determined by the doctor in each individual case.
Self-medication can lead to the chronication of the inflammatory process, deterioration of the condition and the involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.Uncontrolled use of antibacterial therapy and any other drug without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If the treatment is incorrect or in an advanced stage of chronic cystitis, the following complications are possible:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystalgia.
Physiotherapy for cystitis
In the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women, physiotherapy has shown particular efficiency as an adjunctive treatment.Physiotherapy helps improve blood circulation, stimulate microcirculation and normalize venous flow.The procedures consolidate the effect of drug treatment, helping to prevent cystitis.The doctor may recommend:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetic therapy;
- ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy treatments can be carried out in a specialized clinic under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Advantages of cystitis treatment in a modern clinic
- Specialists will perform a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe comprehensive treatment.
- Tests, treatment, rehabilitation - everything can be obtained in a clinic.
- The clinic offers effective physiotherapy for quick rehabilitation after treatment.
Prevention of cystitis
Urologists recommend that women undergo an annual preventive examination with a gynecologist and urologist and undergo tests.This will allow you to determine in time the presence of inflammation in the body and prescribe treatment.Very often, diseases of the genitourinary system "do not harm" and are asymptomatic.
Also, to prevent cystitis in women, it is advised that:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraception;
- observe the rules of personal hygiene;
- be sure to rinse the external genitalia under running water before and after sexual intercourse;
- avoid traumatic sex positions that can damage the urethra;
- wear loose underwear that will not interfere with blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- treat any disease of the genitourinary system immediately.